Dec, 2014 construction and manufacturing of steam turbine 1. Steam turbine basic parts mechanical engineering site. Less than 50 years ago, a machine with the same rpm was rated at. Design parameters steam turbine mechanical engineering. The modern steam turbines rotate at 1800 or 3600 rpm and produce a shaft output of 800300 mw. Of the major systems the gas turbine engine is a fixed design offered by a manufacturer, and the steam turbine is also a fairly standard design available from a manufacturer, but it may be somewhat customized for the project. Region of high turbulence between control stage and second stage. Design and construction of steam turbine component 2. Cycletempo needs to know the design mass flows in order to calculate the size of the turbine. The objective of this module is to present the major features of steam turbine construction, and support systems. Understanding power production book turbine technologies, ltd. Improved steam turbine design for optimum efficiency and reduced cost of ownership.
The impulse design is used in presentday steam turbines. The isentropic efficiencies are in the range 748640% as compared to design. Delivering cuttingedge turbine and generator technologies. Asme international gas turbine and aeroengine congress, munich, germany, paper 2000gt0480. There are a limited number of welded lp rotors in service in the uk. For example, at 70% offull power, interstage pressures are about 70% of their value at full powerthe turbine outlet pressure approximately equal to condenser pressure varies much less with turbine load and, for simplicity, is as snmed here to stay constant over the whole load range. In this article, we will discuss steam turbine basic parts. During the design phase, the accurate flow calculation at nominal conditions enables parameter variation and optimization of turbine construction and, therefore, increase in turbine efficiency. Its modern manifestation was invented by sir charles parsons in 1884. The centrifugal compressor draws in air at the center or eye of the impeller and accelerates it around and outward.
Design and construction of a simple turbojet engine simon fahlstrom, rikard pihlroos this project deals with researching, designing and building jetengines. Classical turbine design methods were developed in the mid 19th century. Installation of condenser for steam turbine by large block. There is no piston rod,flywheel or slide valves attached to the turbine. Above 600 rpm rotor relative vibrations should be monitored. Bloch, 2 books moyer, james ambrose, 2 books john morrow, 2 books oskar lasche, 2 books aurel stodola, 2 books parsons, charles sir, 2 books auguste rateau, 2 books walter s. Apparatus 1 the turbine is being given a production function of 19. Kidwind model wind turbines are designed for use in science classes, or as a. Higher efficiency is also being required of steam turbines, which are a mature energy conversion. Full text of turbine design and application volumes 1, 2, and 3 see other formats. The turbine efficiencies are in the range 31004190% as compared to the design range of 34804397%.
Windpact turbine design scaling studies technical area. Type of compounding refers to the use of blading which causes a series of pressure drops, a series of velocity drops, or a combination of the two. The facility uses a model turbine that simulates an actual turbine to calculate and confirm the steam flow distribution in the turbine and the turbine behavior when operating under steam load. It consists of a rotor and a set of rotating blades which are attached to a shaft. Steam backpressure turbines are used as the prime movers in industry in the following applications.
To get the most work out of the steam, the exhaust pressure is kept very low the casing thus witnesses, energy of the steam turned into work in hp and ip stages. This paper describes the design and the results of the steam turbine. This means that the offdesign input data has to be specified. Introduction in recent years, environmental measures such as for reducing co2 emissions have been implemented on a global scale. Participants will learn about turbine generator design and construction and will be able to identify major components using correct terminology. Schofield ge company schenectady, ny introduction the need to provide stateoftheart products for a diverse and everchanging market is the chal lenge facing steam turbinegenerator manufactur ers in the 90s. The welded design, having been adopted by countries lacking an intrinsic large forging capability, has been successfully applied by them to hp, ip and lp rotors. Archived from the original pdf on 28 september 2011. Design and construction of a simple turbojet engine. Designation quantity note and additional information 1 2 turbine type, figure 3 rateau stages 3 condensing turbine 4 required condition 5 6 driven equipment syngas compressor 7p kw5780 8 n rpm 10200 9 pi bar a 40 10 ti c 400 11 po bar a 0. Steam turbine training course content the program is based on a large steam turbine design by ge, but several references to different oems will be made.
The shape of the support columns and the profile of stationary blades are optimized through the use of threedimensional flow analysis. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology 7th edition pdf november 24, 2018 28,665. The sump where oil collects before returning to the oil tank is located in the accessory auxiliary gearbox. The design of the turbine support is critical, because efficient turbine operation relies on very tight tolerance for the clearance between the tip of the turbine blade and the casing. Widely used in chpcombined heat and power applications. Welded rotor construction has the advantage of smaller forging components at the expense of high integrity welding. Full text of turbine design and application volumes 1, 2. Recent technologies for steam turbines fuji electric global. The steam turbine is one kind of heat engine machine in which steam s heat energy is converted to mechanical work. Steam turbine operating range the following criteria are used for selection steam turbine type 3.
Turbine is a rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas into mechanical energy. This course provides basic knowledge of ge steam turbines. The main accessory section of a turbine engine is most often mounted externally on the engine at the position. Highlyreliable design technology of steam turbine for. Speed is relative low up to 6000 rpm, except for special design up to 12000 rpm. Division of steam flow indicates whether the steam flows in just one direction or if it flows in more than one direction. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Venu helps businesses improve performance by identifying specific business needs, goals and objectives. Technical improvements to the steam turbine design have enhanced efficiency and power. Steam turbine design and construction pdf breaksoftware. Neither cost includes construction financing or financing fees, because these. Steam turbines books related to steam turbine auxiliaries, design and operation and maintenance for power plant professionals. The design of the project considered the cost of construction and the materials used. One the threshold is exceeded, automatic trip of turbine takes place.
A manual for the engineer martin, harold medway on. Steam turbine free download as powerpoint presentation. The foundation and support must accommodate huge thermal expansions without distorting the axis of the turbine and generator shafts. The low pressure turbine lpt is of a doubleflow design. In turbine design the expression of the velocity ratio between.
Of primary significance is that factors such as reliability, efficiency, availability, maintainability and operability, which are functions of the design and construction of. The main problem with small steam turbines is that it is very easy to design one where the steam goes clean through the turbine and out the other side without transfering any energy. The casing shape and construction details depend on whether it is a high pressure hp or low pressure lp casings. Steam turbine design options, how to specify or upgrade 31 figure 4. Steam turbines classification, governing equations and. Generator bearings tend to be rather longer, with ld ratios of 0.
Steam turbine calculation sheet design and selection. The latest steam turbine blade design and analytical techniques blade design and analysis for steam turbines provides a concise reference for practicing engineers involved in the design. The latest steam turbine blade design and analytical techniques blade design and analysis for steam turbines provides a concise. This means that the off design input data has to be specified. Offdesign flow analysis and performance prediction of. Schematic diagram of 200 mw unit 8 construction of the steam generator is carried out in two distinct bodies, symmetrical with the axis of the group, operating in parallel. Turbine engine design and construction 33 accessory section page 36 to 39 key points 1. Understanding power production turbine technologies.
The aerodynamic design principles for a modern wind turbine blade. Electric generators calculations the output power of the turbine depends on the mass flow rate of steam, the turbine efficiency, and the. Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. Nov, 2016 steam turbine construction operating fundamentals. Steam turbine, which of the design is effective model. Techniques of operation and control equipment are demonstrated and discussed in the next module. The design was made by studying the work done by industry and researchers over the course of the history of jet engines. There are two primary means of classifying gas turbine engines.
Test boiler central turbine control room condenser fig. The primary operating principle of a turbine is to convert steam energy into mechanical energy that can be used to drive rotating equipment. The steam entering the turbine is at 30 6degree centigrade and 6. Typical large turbine bearings are up to 530 mm in diameter and have lengthdiameter ld ratios in the order of 0.
For low and moderate inlet steam pressure up to 120 bar, a single shell. Venu delivers complete blended learning solutions combining worldclass elearning courseware, and highly effective classroom training. Installation of condenser for steam turbine by large block construction 142 site and assembled as the blocks are lifted into position by a crane. This is caused by a region of increasing pressure toward the stagnation point of a blade or strut. Steam turbine construction operating fundamentals youtube. The real values of critical speeds should be measured at. A simple turbojet engine was designed and construction was begun. The construction of these turbines allows for the application of one or more controlled.
When evaluating any change to the design of a wind turbine, it is critical that the. The steam turbines are widely used in power generation, refineries and petrochemical industries. Pdf efficiency assessment of condensing steam turbine. Steam turbines are a critical part of the power plants and. The basic element in a turbine is a wheel or rotor with addles, propellers, blades, or buckets arranged on its circumference in such a fashion that the moving fluid exerts a tangential force that turns the wheel. A 50 mm turbine with only moderate steam pressure and temperature could in principle develop several horsepower outut. To meet the objectives of this project, gec explored methods used in the engineering and construction industries that could be used for onsite assembly and self.
For each of the following outlet conditions state 2, determine the specified quantities. Demand for more efficient thermal power has also intensified than ever. The sump where oil collects before returning to the oil tank is located in the. Steam for turbine is provided by pp330140p55 type steam generator, a oncethrough coalfired boiler 8. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record link to publication citation for published version apa. Construction of a wind turbine project in the town of florida, ma.
Improved steam turbine design for optimum efficiency and reduced cost of ownership deshpande, srikanth 2017 document version. To build this turbine from scratch youll need at a minimum a drill, ruler, pvc. Hydraulic turbine and governor field erection information. Steam turbine fundamentals seminar 4 12 days this course is ideal for plant operations, maintenance, and engineering personnel interested in gaining broad understanding of turbinegenerator design, operation, troubleshooting and maintenance. Four different types of rotor construction have been used on large turbinegenerator units on the cegb system. For the su2 project we adopted a different approach. Successful steam turbine ought to be capable of construction. Turbine classification in order to better understand turbine operation, five basic classifications are discussed. Improved steam turbine design for optimum efficiency and. Highlyreliable design technology of steam turbine for nuclear power plant 104 in the turbine and the vibrational stresses due to the forces induced by the steam acting on the blade. Knowledge of the flow and turbine behavior over the wide.
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